Han Fei, or Han Feizi (ca. 280 BC – 233 BC) was a Chinese philosopher who developed the doctrine of the School of Law or Legalism. Unlike the other famed philosophers of the time, Han Fei was a member of the ruling aristocracy, having been born into the ruling family of the state of Han during the end phase of the Warring States Period.
Han Fei's philosophy centred on the ruler who could firmly controls the state with the help of three concepts: his position of power, proper techniques, and laws. Legalism assumes that everyone acts according to one principle: avoiding punishment while simultaneously trying to achieve gains. Thus, the law must severely punish any unwanted action, while at the same time reward those who follow it.
His handbook for the ruler deals with the problems of strengthening and preserving the state, the way of the ruler, the use of power, and punishment and favour. Ironically, the ruler most influenced by Han Feizi, the king of Qin, eventually sent Han Feizi to prison, where he later committed suicide.
Here is a fable cited by him on a person who rigidly adheres to rules and regulations (or established convention), while at the same time ignoring the reality of a situation.
A man from Zheng, needing some shoes, measured his feet, but left the measurements behind on his chair. When he got to market, he forgot to bring the measurements. He found some shoes, but he murmured, ‘I forgot to bring the measurements.’ He turned around to return home and get them. By the time he got back to the market, it was closed, and so he did not get any shoes.
Someone said, "Why didn't you just try them on your feet?" The man said, "I trust the measurements, not my feet."
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韩非，或韩非子（大约公元前280年至233年左右）发起法学说的中国哲学家。与当时其他的著名哲学家不同的是，韩非生长在战国时代韩国统治者的贵族家庭。
韩非的哲学主要是集中在统治者以势、术与法牢牢控制国家。法家假设每个人都以一个原则来行动：避免惩罚的同时获取最大利益。所以，法律应该惩罚不必要的行为，并奖励那些遵守守法的人。
他为统治者书写的指导涉及加强及维持统治的问题，统治者之道，权力的应用，奖与罚，等等。有讽刺意味的是，秦王受韩非的影响很大，最后却把韩非关进监牢，他就在牢里自杀。
这里是他讲的一个有关一个人拘守礼法而无视于现实情况的寓言：
郑人有且置履者，先自度其足，而置之其坐。至之市而忘操之。已得履，乃曰：“吾忘持度。”反归取之。及反，市罢，遂不得履。
人曰：“何不试之以足？ ”曰：“宁信度, 无自信也。”
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